Equity, Informed Consent, and Ethical Challenges in Nutrigenetics-Based Precision Nutrition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/2q83cr67Kata Kunci:
kesenjangan kesehatan, persetujuan berdasarkan informasi, tantangan etika, nutrigenetika, nutrisi presisiAbstrak
Latar belakang: Nutrisi presisi merupakan pergeseran paradigma dari rekomendasi diet umum menuju intervensi yang disesuaikan dengan profil genetik, metabolik, dan lingkungan individu. Pendekatan ini menjanjikan potensi yang besar dalam pencegahan dan pengelolaan penyakit kronis. Metode: Kajian literatur yang komprehensif dilakukan menggunakan basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar, mencakup artikel peer-reviewed, tinjauan sistematis, dan uji klinis acak terkontrol yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2010–2025, dengan fokus pada aspek etika, aksesibilitas, dan integrasi klinis nutrigenetika. Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan nutrigenetika menjadi landasan penting bagi penerapan nutrisi presisi, meskipun masih terdapat sejumlah keterbatasan yang signifikan. Validitas ilmiah hasil pemeriksaan genetik masih belum konsisten, terutama pada layanan tes genetik langsung kepada konsumen. Permasalahan etika juga menjadi perhatian, khususnya terkait informed consent yang sering kali disajikan dalam bentuk perjanjian digital yang kompleks, dapat mengaburkan risiko penggunaan data dan privasi, serta mempersulit pemahaman penggunanya terutama pada populasi rentan. Biaya layanan yang tinggi serta kesenjangan literasi digital berpotensi menjadikan nutrisi presisi sebagai layanan yang hanya dapat diakses oleh kelompok tertentu. Hal ini diperparah dengan bias algoritmik akibat kurang terwakilinya kelompok populasi yang beragam dalam basis data genomik, sehingga berisiko menghasilkan rekomendasi yang kurang akurat dan memperlebar kesenjangan kesehatan yang sudah ada. Kesimpulan: Meskipun nutrisi presisi berbasis nutrigenetika menawarkan peluang transformatif bagi perawatan kesehatan yang lebih personal, implementasinya memerlukan penguatan regulasi, peningkatan literasi genetik di kalangan tenaga kesehatan, proses informed consent yang transparan, serta tata kelola data yang aman dan inklusif. Langkah-langkah ini krusial untuk memastikan integrasi yang etis ke dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan klinis maupun kesehatan masyarakat.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Loury Priskila, Hendi Wicaksono, Amaze Grace Sira, Fenita Renny Dinata, Michael Reskiantio Pabubung
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