Di Balik Peradangan: Tinjauan tentang Peran Antinosiseptif Sel Imun dalam Modulasi Nyeri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/zxrk2y26Kata Kunci:
antinosiseptif, analgesik, neuroimunologi, nyeri, peradangan, sel imun, sel T regulatorikAbstrak
Sel-sel imun telah lama diposisikan sebagai antagonis dalam fisiologi nyeri. Hal ini karena pada masa lampau sel-sel tersebut dipandang melalui lensa yang terbatas pada peradangan dan amplifikasi nosiseptif. Namun, penelitian yang muncul membentuk ulang narasi ini. Artikel ini membeberkan peran sel imun yang terus berkembang — bukan semata-mata sebagai molekul proinflamasi, melainkan sebagai partisipan yang beraktivitas dalam modulasi dan penekanan nyeri. Penemuan-penemuan terbaru dalam neuroimunologi menjelaskan dialog molekuler yang kompleks antara mediator imun dan jalur nosiseptif. Penekanan khusus diberikan pada kontribusi sel T regulatorik, subtipe makrofag, dan sel glial dalam mengurangi sinyal nosiseptif. Mekanisme antinosiseptif yang dimediasi oleh sitokin, mediator turunan lipid, dan komunikasi dari imun ke neuron dikaji bersama potensi translasionalnya dalam terapi nyeri kronis. Dengan mengubah peran sel imun menjadi tokoh sentral dalam proses analgesik, pergeseran paradigma terungkap, menyerukan pendekatan integratif dalam penelitian dan terapi nyeri.
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