Epigenom yang Berkembang: Fungsi dan Aplikasinya

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata

doi:10.56951/1cyz2p11

Epigenom yang Berkembang: Fungsi dan Aplikasinya

Penulis

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Group, West Java, Indonesia and Center for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research and Policy, Unika Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56951/1cyz2p11

Kata Kunci:

epigenom, ekspresi gen, identitas seluler, genom, epigenetika, memori biologis

Abstrak

Epigenom merupakan seperangkat modifikasi reversibel yang secara sinergis mengatur ekspresi gen tanpa mengubah urutan DNA. Epigenom berperan sebagai jembatan fungsional antara genom dan lingkungan, yang memungkinkan regulasi ekspresi gen yang presisi dalam ruang dan waktu, di mana hal tersebut sangat penting bagi identitas seluler dan perkembangan organisme. Berbeda dengan genom yang bersifat statis, epigenom bersifat dinamis dan responsif terhadap sinyal endogen maupun eksogen, termasuk faktor perkembangan, metabolik, stres lingkungan, dan kondisi patologis. Makalah ini mengulas secara komprehensif mengenai mekanisme dasar dinamika epigenetika, perannya dalam pembentukan fenotipe, serta implikasinya dalam etiologi penyakit dan inovasi terapi. Dengan mengintegrasikan temuan mutakhir dari biologi perkembangan, onkologi, neurobiologi, dan kedokteran regeneratif, epigenom dapat dipahami sebagai lensa multidimensi untuk menafsirkan memori biologis, plastisitas perkembangan, dan kemungkinan rekayasa molekuler.

Unduhan

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