Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Virologi, Patogenesis, Respon Imun, dan Vaksin Pada Dewasa

Resti H. Lestari; Fariz Nurwidya; Anis Karuniawati

doi:10.56951/n0vpzd50

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Virologi, Patogenesis, Respon Imun, dan Vaksin Pada Dewasa

Penulis

Resti H. Lestari Program of Clinical Microbiology Residency, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Fariz Nurwidya Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Anis Karuniawati Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56951/n0vpzd50

Kata Kunci:

respiratory syncytial virus, virologi, patogenesis, respons imun, vaksin dewasa

Abstrak

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) adalah salah satu virus dari kelompok famili Pneumoviridae, genus Orthopneumovirus. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) termasuk virus RNA beruntai tunggal, negative sense dan memiliki dua genotipe yaitu A dan B. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) adalah virus yang berhubungan dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan bagian bawah seperti bronkiolitis dan bronkopneumonia, merupakan penyebab bayi, lansia serta individu dengan imunitas yang lemah
dirawat inap. Infeksi RSV dapat berpotensi menjadi sistemik. Tanda-tanda infeksi RSV antara lain seperti demam, batuk, nyeri tenggorokan dan pilek. Gejala yang muncul biasanya ringan pada dewasa. Namun, bagi sebagian orang gejala bisa
menjadi sangat berat sehingga harus dirawat di rumah sakit dan dapat berakibat fatal karena adanya komplikasi RSV. Latar belakang tersebut mencetuskan adanya pendekatan dan pengenalan mengenai RSV. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas
aspek virologi, patogenesis, respons imun, dan perkembangan vaksin RSV pada populasi dewasa. Pengetahuan yang mendalam tentang RSV sangat penting untuk pengembangan strategi pencegahan dan pengobatan yang efektif.

Unduhan

Baca Selengkapnya

Referensi

1. Collins PL, Fearns R, Graham BS. Respiratory syncytial virus:virology, reverse genetics, and pathogenesis of disease. Vol. 372, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 2013. p.3–38

2. Musa AO, Faber SR, Forrest K, Smith KP, Sengupta S, López CB. Identification of distinct genotypes in circulating RSV A strains based on variants in the virus replication-associated genes. J Virol [Internet]. 2024;98. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:271198915.

3. Thindwa D, Li K, Cooper-Wootton D, Zheng Z, Pitzer VE, Weinberger DM. Global patterns of rebound to normal RSV dynamics following Covid-19 suppression. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2024;24(1):635. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09509-4.

4. WHO. WHO Strategy for the Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance based on Influenza Surveillance. Geneva; 2019.

5. Michelin L, Bellei N, Ferreira da Costa Gomes M, Raboni SM, Kairalla M, Correa RA, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus: challenges in diagnosis and impact on the elderly: recommendations from a multidisciplinary panel. Hum Vaccines Immunother [Internet]. 2024;20(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515 .2024.2388943.

6. Prasetyo, AA et al. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in adults with acute respiratory infections in Jakarta, Indonesia. J Med Virol. 2022;94(3):1126-33.

7. Kemenkes. Waspada pneumonia, Kemenkes minta semua jajaran kesehatan siaga [Internet]. 28 November 2023. Available from: https://kemkes.go.id/id/rilis-kesehatan/waspada-pneumonia-kemenkes-mintasemua-jajaran-kesehatan-siaga.

8. Belongia EA, King JP, Kieke BA, Pluta J, Al-Hilli A, Meece JK, et al. Clinical features, severity, and incidence of RSV illness during 12 consecutive seasons in a community cohort of adults ≥60 years old. Open forum Infect Dis. 2018;5(12):ofy316.

9. Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchant DJ. Respiratory syncytial virus: infection, detection, and new options for prevention and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(1):277–319.

10. Efstathiou C, Abidi SH, Harker J, Stevenson NJ. Revisiting respiratory syncytial virus’s interaction with host immunity, towards novel therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci [Internet]. 2020;77(24):5045–58. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03557-0.

11. Rima B, Collins P, Easton A, Fouchier R, Kurath G, Lamb RA, et al. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Pneumoviridae. J Gen Virol. 2017;98(12):2912–3.

12. Kaler J, Hussain A, Patel K, Hernandez T, Ray S. Respiratory syncytial virus: a comprehensive review of transmission, pathophysiology, and manifestation. Cureus. 2023;15(3). doi: 10.7759/cureus.36342.

13. Wang Y, Zhang C, Luo Y, Ling X, Luo B, Jia G, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the nucleocapsid-like assembly of respiratory syncytial virus. Signal Transduct Target Ther [Internet]. 2023;8(1):323. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01602-5.

14. Sibert BS, Kim JY, Yang JE, Ke Z, Stobart CC, Moore ML, et al. Assembly of respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein lattice and its coordination with fusion glycoprotein trimers. Nat Commun [Internet]. 2024;15(1):5923. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50162-x.

15. Ke Z, Dillard RS, Chirkova T, Leon F, Stobart CC, Hampton CM, et al. The morphology and assembly of respiratory syncytial virus revealed by cryo-electron tomography. Viruses. 2018;10(8). doi:10.3390/v10080446

16. Shrestha L. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)- an overview. [Internet]. 18 Juni 2022. Available from: https://microbenotes.com/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/.

17. Van Royen T, Rossey I, Sedeyn K, Schepens B, Saelens X. How RSV proteins join forces to overcome the host innate immune response. Viruses. 2022;14(2):1–25.

18. Wu W, Tran KC, Teng MN, Heesom KJ, Matthews DA, Barr JN, et al. The interactome of the human respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein highlights multiple effects on host cell biology. J Virol. 2012;86(15):7777–89.

19. Shang Z, Tan S, Ma D. Respiratory syncytial virus: from pathogenesis to potential therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Sci. 2021;17(14):4073–91.

20. Taleb SA, Al Thani AA, Al Ansari K, Yassine HM. Human respiratory syncytial virus: pathogenesis, immune responses, and current vaccine approaches. Vol. 37, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Springer Verlag; 2018. p. 1817–27.

21. Openshaw PJM, Chiu C, Culley FJ, Johansson C. Protective and harmful immunity to RSV infection. Annu Rev Immunol. 2017;35:501–32.

22. Walsh EE, Peterson DR, Falsey AR. Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly persons. J Infect Dis. 2004;189(2):233–8.

23. Jozwik A, Habibi MS, Paras A, Zhu J, Guvenel A, Dhariwal J, et al. RSV-specific airway resident memory CD8+ T cells and differential disease severity after experimental human infection. Nat Commun. 2015;6:10224.

24. Allen KE, Beekmann SE, Polgreen P, Poser S, St. Pierre J, Santibañez S, et al. Survey of diagnostic testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults: infectious disease physician practices and implications for burden estimates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis [Internet]. 2018;92(3):206–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732889317304078.

25. Hurley LP, Allison MA, Kim L, O’Leary ST, Crane LA, Brtnikova M, et al. Primary care physicians’ perspectives on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in adults and a potential RSV vaccine for adults. Vaccine [Internet]. 2019;37(4):565–70. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X18317043.

26. Binder W, Thorsen J, Borczuk P. RSV in adult ED patients: do emergency providers consider RSV as an admission diagnosis? Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(8):1162–5.

27. Onwuchekwa C, Moreo LM, Menon S, Machado B, Curcio D, Kalina W, et al. Underascertainment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults due to diagnostic testing limitations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(2):173–84.

28. Branche AR. Why making a diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus should matter to clinicians. Vol. 69, Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. United States; 2019. p. 204–6. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy880

29. Lee N, Walsh EE, Sander I, Stolper R, Zakar J, Wyffels V, et al. Delayed diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized adults: individual patient data, record review analysis and physician survey in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(6):969–79.

30. Falsey AR, Walsh EE. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13(3):371–84.

31. Thompson, M.A. et al. Current trends in RSV diagnostics. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(3):456-468.

32. Wang, Y. et al. Comparison of diagnostic methods for RSV infection. J Clin Virol. 2022;156:255–64.

33. Chen, X. et al. Serological methods in RSV diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2024;37(1)(e001):15–23.

34. Martinez-Rolon, J. et al. Molecular detection of RSV: a comprehensive review. J Clin Microbiol. 2024;62(1)(e001):12–23.

35. Kitano T, Nishikawa H, Suzuki R, Onaka M, Nishiyama A, Kitagawa D, et al. The impact analysis of a multiplex PCR respiratory panel for hospitalized pediatric respiratory infections in Japan. J Infect Chemother Off J Japan Soc Chemother. 2020;26(1):82–5.

36. BioMérieux. Respiratory 2.1 (rp2.1) panel 1. 2009;1:9–10.

37. Kits MD, On B, Pcr M, Chip M. DNA flow technology. 2020;2–7.

38. Vitro SA. Respiratory flow chip kit. 2019;1–29.

39. Battles MB, McLellan JS. Respiratory syncytial virus entry and how to block it. Nat Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2019;17(4):233–45. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ s41579-019-0149-x.

40. PATH. RSV clinical trial tracker [Internet]. Available from: https://www.path.org/our-impact/ resources/ rsv-and-mab-trial-tracker/.