Farmakogenomik dalam Pengobatan Presisi: Tinjauan dengan Studi Kasus Clopidogrel dan Tren Masa Depan

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata

doi:10.56951/fqx9vg55

Farmakogenomik dalam Pengobatan Presisi: Tinjauan dengan Studi Kasus Clopidogrel dan Tren Masa Depan

Penulis

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata Molecular Pharmacologist, Center for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research and Policy, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56951/fqx9vg55

Editorial

Farmakogenomik telah menjadi pilar utama dalam pengembangan pengobatan presisi dan bertujuan untuk menyesuaikan terapi obat berdasarkan profil genetik individu. Dengan mengidentifikasi variasi genetik yang memengaruhi metabolisme, efektivitas, dan keamanan obat, farmakogenomik membuka jalan bagi peningkatan hasil terapi dan pengurangan efek samping yang merugikan. Salah satu contoh paling signifikan dalam praktik klinis adalah clopidogrel, antiplatelet yang aktivasi biofarmakologinya bergantung pada enzim CYP2C19. Variasi genetik pada CYP2C19 secara nyata memengaruhi efektivitas klinis clopidogrel dan risiko kejadian kardiovaskular mayor. Artikel ini memaparkan perkembangan terkini dalam implementasi farmakogenomik, dengan fokus pada studi kasus clopidogrel, serta mengeksplorasi berbagai interaksi gen-obat lainnya seperti codeine/CYP2D6, warfarin/VKORC1, dan statin/SLCO1B1. Tinjauan ini juga memetakan tren masa depan farmakogenomik, termasuk integrasi multiomik, genotipisasi preemptif, pemodelan prediktif berbasis kecerdasan buatan, serta potensi intervensi berbasis editing genetik seperti clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Terlepas dari kemajuan yang signifikan, tantangan implementatif masih hadir, mulai dari aspek biaya dan infrastruktur kesehatan hingga dilema etika dan regulasi. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan fondasi konseptual dan praktikal bagi pengembangan farmakoterapi yang benar-benar personal di masa depan.

Unduhan

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