Late Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia in an Infant- A Call for Early Cholestasis Screening and Timely Referral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/jqc0w953Kata Kunci:
kolestasis, ikterus, bayi, atresia bilier, keterlambatan rujukanAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Atresia bilier (AB) merupakan kolangiopati progresif yang bersifat fibroinflamasi dan merupakan penyebab utama transplantasi hati pada anak-anak. Diagnosis dini dan tindakan Kasai portoenterostomi (KPE) yang dilakukan tepat waktu, idealnya dalam 45–60 hari pertama kehidupan, sangat penting untuk mempertahankan fungsi hati normal dan
memperlambat progresivitas penyakit. Namun, di banyak tempat, keterlambatan dalam pengenalan dan rujukan masih menjadi hambatan utama. Kasus: Seorang bayi perempuan berusia 3 bulan 22 hari datang dengan keluhan ikterus menetap, tinja seperti dempul, dan hepatosplenomegali. Meskipun gejala telah muncul sejak hari ke-3 kehidupan, rujukan ke pusat layanan tersier mengalami keterlambatan yang signifikan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan enzim hati (aspartate aminotransferase/AST 142 U/l, alanine aminotransferase/ALT 109 U/l, gamma-glutamyl transferase/GGT 1554 U/l, alkaline phosphatase/ALP 572 U/l), bilirubin total 9,84 mg/dl, dan bilirubin direk 8,31 mg/dl. Ultrasonografi abdomen dua fase menunjukkan temuan yang konsisten dengan AB, berupa tidak tampaknya kantong empedu dan adanya triangular cord sign. Biopsi hati menunjukkan adanya fibrosis stadium lanjut (F3–F4), yang mengonfirmasi diagnosis AB. Kesimpulan: Mengingat adanya keterlambatan diagnosis dan kerusakan hati yang sudah lanjut, periode emas untuk melakukan KPE yang efektif telah terlewatkan, sehingga transplantasi hati menjadi satu-satunya pilihan terapi definitif. Kasus ini menunjukkan perlunya sistem skrining dan rujukan dini yang lebih baik untuk meningkatkan luaran pada bayi dengan AB.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Yovani Savitri, Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas, Bagus Setyoboedi, Sjamsul Arief

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