Dasar Neurobiologis Akuisisi Bahasa Dini: Mengapa Anak masih Mengungguli Kecerdasan Buatan

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata

doi:10.56951/qk5jw768

Dasar Neurobiologis Akuisisi Bahasa Dini: Mengapa Anak masih Mengungguli Kecerdasan Buatan

Penulis

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata Molecular Pharmacologist, Center for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research and Policy, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56951/qk5jw768

Kata Kunci:

pemerolehan bahasa anak, neuroplastisitas, embodied cognition, symbol grounding problem, kecerdasan buatan

Abstrak

Meskipun kemajuan luar biasa dalam kecerdasan buatan telah menghasilkan model bahasa besar (large language model/LLM) yang mampu meniru perilaku linguistik manusia dengan tingkat kecanggihan yang tinggi, performa sistem tersebut
masih jauh di bawah kemampuan anak-anak dalam menguasai bahasa secara cepat, fleksibel, dan kontekstual. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan sistematis dari perspektif neurosains kognitif dan perkembangan terhadap pertanyaan mengapa anak-anak tetap unggul dalam pembelajaran bahasa dibandingkan sistem kecerdasan buatan. Dengan menelaah mekanisme neuroplastisitas, keterlibatan sirkuit sosial-afektif, reward prediction system, dan fungsi multimodal sensorimotor dalam perkembangan bahasa anak, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa akuisisi bahasa manusia merupakan fenomena yang tertanam dalam tubuh, relasi sosial, dan dorongan biologis yang tidak dimiliki oleh sistem buatan. Implikasi dari kajian ini meluaspada intervensi klinis, pendidikan, dan pengembangan kecerdasan buatan yang lebih mendekati struktur neurokognitif manusia.

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