The Gut-Brain Axis in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Microbial Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/g87wm568Kata Kunci:
diabetes melitus tipe 2, poros usus-otak, mikrobiota usus, resistansi insulin, terapi berbasis mikrobiotaAbstrak
Pemahaman tentang diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) telah berkembang lebih dari sekadar faktor risiko biasa, yakni dengan
menempatkan mikrobiota usus (gut microbiota/GM) sebagai elemen penting dalam patogenesisnya. Ulasan naratif ini
menguraikan peran penting poros usus-otak (gut-brain axis/GBA), yang menjelaskan bagaimana disbiosis mikroba, yang
ditandai dengan hilangnya bakteri penghasil butyrate, dapat mendorong peradangan sistemik dan resistansi insulin yang
menjadi dasar perkembangan DMT2. Tulisan ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang intervensi berbasis mikrobiota
(probiotik, prebiotik, fecal microbiota transplantation/FMT) dan mengeksplorasi dampak sinergis dari latihan fisik, yang
tidak hanya meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, tetapi juga secara menguntungkan memodulasi GM. Bukti menunjukkan
bahwa pendekatan terpadu, yang menggabungkan modulasi mikroba yang ditargetkan dengan aktivitas fisik secara
teratur, merupakan strategi terapi yang kuat untuk meningkatkan homeostasis glukosa pada DMT2.
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Referensi
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Emmanuel Adrian Goenadi , Ignatius Aditya Haryo Pramudito, Petra Heinson Handoyo Saputra, Pradipta Putramachristy Bararinda, Loury Priskila
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