Peran Bromhexine dalam Tata Laksana Gangguan Pernapasan: Mekanisme dan Efektivitas Klinis

Fariz Nurwidya

doi:10.56951/zb6m9p23

Peran Bromhexine dalam Tata Laksana Gangguan Pernapasan: Mekanisme dan Efektivitas Klinis

Penulis

Fariz Nurwidya Departemen Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56951/zb6m9p23

Kata Kunci:

bromhexine, mukolitik, surfaktan, mukus, PPOK, penyakit saluran pernapasan

Abstrak

Bromhexine hydrochloride merupakan agen mukoaktif yang telah digunakan selama lebih dari lima dekade. Meskipun dikenal utamanya sebagai agen mukolitik, bukti terkini menunjukkan mekanisme kerja yang lebih kompleks serta potensi aplikasi terapeutik yang lebih luas. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai mekanisme kerja, efektivitas klinis, dan keamanan bromhexine dalam penatalaksanaan berbagai penyakit saluran
pernapasan. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada database PubMed dan Scopus menggunakan kata kunci “bromhexine”, “bromhexin”, “mucolytic”, “COPD”, “bronchitis”, “respiratory tract infection”, dan “COVID-19”. Artikel yang dipilih mencakup uji klinik, studi in vitro/in vivo, review, serta metaanalisis yang diterbitkan hingga tahun 2025. Dari penelusuran didapatkan bahwa bromhexine bekerja melalui beberapa mekanisme, yaitu depolimerisasi mucin melalui pemutusan ikatan disulfida, stimulasi produksi surfaktan alveolar tipe II, peningkatan aktivitas sistem silia, serta aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Bromhexine efektif sebagai terapi adjuvan pada bronkitis akut dan kronis, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK), asma, serta bronkiektasis, dengan cara mengurangi viskositas sputum dan memperbaiki gejala batuk berdahak. Kesimpulannya, bromhexine memiliki efikasi dan profil keamanan yang baik untuk tata laksana gangguan produksi dan transportasi mukus pada berbagai penyakit paru karena adanya sifat mukolitik dan stimulasi surfaktan. Mekanisme ini tergolong tetap relevan dalam terapi penyakit pernapasan di era modern.

Unduhan

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