Pengembangan Formula Nanoemulsi Minyak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) dan Ekstrak Siwak (Salvadora persica) serta Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Bakteri dari Saliva Mencit Galur BALB/c
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/jp1ap691Kata Kunci:
mulut, bakteri, ekstrak siwak, minyak cengkeh, nanoemulsiAbstrak
Mulut merupakan habitat bagi sekitar 700 spesies bakteri yang dapat memicu gangguan jika kebersihan mulut tidak terjaga. Salah satu upaya menjaga kebersihan mulut adalah dengan menggunakan mouthwash atau obat kumur. Saat ini masih banyak beredar obat kumur di pasaran yang mengandung alkohol, padahal penggunaan alkohol dalam obat kumur dapat menimbulkan beberapa efek samping setelah pemakaian. Di sisi lain, terdapat bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri mulut seperti Salvadora persica dan Syzygium aromaticum. Minyak cengkeh merupakan minyak atsiri yang kurang stabil, sehingga pada penelitian ini dikembangkan formula nanoemulsi minyak cengkeh dengan penambahan ekstrak siwak. Formula akhir nanoemulsi diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap bakteri dari saliva mencit galur BALB/c melalui penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Pada formula akhir, diperoleh nanoemulsi dengan ukuran 22,4 nm dengan indeks polidispersitas 0,385, zeta potensial -2,1 mV,dan pH 7,15. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi yang ditambahkan dan tidak ditambahkan ekstrak siwak memiliki KHM terhadap bakteri saliva mencit sebesar 6,25 mg/ml. Hal ini disebabkan karena KHM dari minyak cengkeh adalah 6,25 mg/mL, sedangkan dari ekstrak siwak adalah 12,5 mg/ml sehingga jumlah ekstrak dalam formula tidak dapat menurunkan KHM nanoemulsi. Hasil uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi stabil terhadap 2 siklus beku-cair dan masih dapat diterima pada penyimpanan selama 4 minggu dalam suhu 4°C. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa formula yang dikembangkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri saliva mencit BALB/c dan memiliki stabilitas yang cukup baik selama 4 minggu dengan suhu penyimpanan 4°C.
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