Elemen Zink sebagai Penopang Pertumbuhan dan Kehidupan Janin Intrauterin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/2x5pd478Kata Kunci:
zink, stres oksidatif, kelainan kongenital, abortus, pertumbuhan janin terhambat, prematurAbstrak
Zink (zinc/Zn)adalah mineral penting yang diketahui mempunyai fungsi fisiologis yang berpengaruh terhadap sistem kekebalan tubuh. Zink memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam berbagai fungsi tubuh manusia, termasuk sintesis protein dan metabolisme asam nukleat. Zink juga merupakan salah satu nutrisi dasar yang dibutuhkan selama kehamilan untuk perkembangan normal dan pertumbuhan janin di samping mikronutrien lainnya seperti besi dan kalsium. Kekurangan zink selama kehamilan menyebabkan dampak permanen pada bayi baru lahir seperti gangguan pertumbuhan, abortus spontan, cacat bawaan, dan luaran kehamilan yang buruk. Zinc memainkan peran yang sangat penting dan kritis dalam berbagai fungsi tubuh manusia termasuk sintesis protein dan metabolisme asam nukleat. Dampak defisiensi Zn sangat menonjol bahkan pada kehidupan janin intrauterin. Studi suplementasi Zn pada populasi yang pernah dilakukan sebelumnya menunjukkan hasil yang bertentangan pada berbagai outcome kehamilan. Defisiensi Zn menyebabkan potensi peningkatan stres oksidatif dan berakhir dengan kematian sel. Beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan mengenai status Zn pada ibu hamil menunjukan kadar Zn yang rendah pada neonatus dengan status kecil pada masa kehamilan serta peningkatan kasus preterm. Suplementasi zink oral merupakan upaya potensial untuk mengurangi risiko kelahiran bayi dengan berat badan rendah dan pada akhirnya mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi baru lahir yang terkait dengan kondisi ini. Fungsi Zn pada ibu termasuk mendukung pertumbuhan uterus selama kehamilan dan menurunkan potensi preeklamsia, namun bukti yang mendukung suplementasi zink secara rutin masih belum tersedia. Dampak defisiensi Zink relatif buruk selama kehamilan, meskipun demikian bukti penelitian mengenai kebutuhan suplementasi rutin yang diberikan pada semua ibu hamil masih menjadi perdebatan, karena manfaatnya yang secara metaanalisis tidak terlalu nyata. Suplementasi lebih disarankan pada populasi risiko tinggi agar tidak terjadi outcome yang buruk pada kehamilan.
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