Neuroprotection in the Treatment of Glaucoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v36i2.119Kata Kunci:
agen neuroproteksi, terapi glaukoma, kematian sel ganglion retina, glutamate, nitric oxideAbstrak
Glaukoma adalah penyakit neurodegeneratif dengan karakteristik kerusakan progresif pada saraf optik, hilangnya sel ganglion pada retina beserta aksonnya, yang menyebabkan perubahan atau kehilangan lapang pandangan yang khas. Tingginya tekanan intraokular (TIO) merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk glaukoma. Beberapa penelitian mengatakan bahwa kematian sel ganglion retina masih terus berlanjut meskipun pasien sudah menggunakan obat untuk menurunkan TIO. Terapi utama glaukoma bertujuan untuk menurunkan TIO, namun saat ini penelitian tentang terapi neuroproteksi pada glaukoma sedang diminati karena efek dari terapi neuroproteksi yang dapat memperlambat bahkan mencegah kematian dari sel ganglion di retina. Produksi glutamate dan nitric oxide adalah salah satu faktor yang mengakibatkan kematian sel ganglion retina, dan agen neuroprotektif yang ditargetkan pada produksi glutamate dan nitric oxide dapat menjadi pilihan yang bermanfaat untuk mencegah kematian sel ganglion retina yang lebih progresif.
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