Terapi Sel Punca dan Tata Laksana Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v36i1.113Kata Kunci:
covid-19, sel punca, mesenchymal stem cellAbstrak
Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang diidentifikasi untuk pertama kalinya di Wuhan, Tiongkok, di mana penyakit ini dapat merusak paru-paru, serta organ dan sistem organ lainnya seperti jantung serta sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. Hingga saat ini belum terdapat pengobatan khusus untuk penyakit ini, namun para ilmuwan di Tiongkok telah melakukan banyak studi klinis terhadap terapi berbasis sel untuk pasien dengan Covid-19 dan penyakit pernapasan lainnya, terutama menggunakan sel punca (stroma) mesenkim atau mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSC), dengan memanfaatkan media terkondisi yang diturunkan dari MSC atau MSC-derived conditioned media (CM) atau vesikel ekstraseluler dan beberapa tipe sel lainnya. Data praklinis terbaru dari model infeksi virus pernapasan dan studi klinis yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan MSC dengan cara mengubah ekspresi cytokine proinflamasi, dan membantu memperbaiki jaringan yang rusak pada penderita Covid-19. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi dengan menggunakan sel punca atau mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) pada penatalaksanaan Covid-19. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan pemberian MSC alogenik dapat mempercepat langkah-langkah perbaikan jaringan di paru-paru dan mengurangi kebutuhan untuk aktivasi sel mesenkim lebih lanjut. Tanggapan positif pada subjek yang menerima pengobatan umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) menunjukkan adanya penurunan cytokine inflamasi, daripada perubahan viral load. Mahalnya biaya terapi sel membuat peneliti hanya bisa mengadakan studi klinis terbatas mengenai terapi sel untuk pasien Covid-19.
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