Inflamasi dalam Patologi Penyaki Alzheimer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.70Kata Kunci:
penyakit Alzheimer, β-amyloid, inflamasi, katarakAbstrak
Penderita penyakit Alzheimer di tahun 2006 di seluruh dunia berjumlah sekitar 26,6 juta penduduk. Angka ini diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi empat kali lipat di tahun 2050 sehubungan dengan angka harapan hidup yang meningkat di beberapa negara di dunia. Perjalanan penyakit Alzheimer berhubungan erat dengan proses akumulasi β-amyloid (Aβ) penyebab formasi neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) serta degenerasi sinapsis. Selain itu penumpukan Aβ menyebabkan peningkatan produksi faktor proinflamasi disertai aktivasi complement cascade yang berkontribusi terhadap respons inflamasi lokal. Komponen Aβ yang ditemukan di otak penderita Alzheimer juga ditemukan di lensa dan cairan mata. Protein ini diduga mengakibatkan jenis katarak yang berbeda dengan kebanyakan kasus katarak. Studi epidemiologi klinis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan prevalensi penyakit Alzheimer melalui pengobatan jangka panjang menggunakan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS). Di sisi lain dikatakan bahwa neuronal-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) dan peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) juga berperan dalam proses patologi penyakit Alzheimer di otak, sehingga kedepannya strategi penanggulangan penyakit Alzheimer akan juga berfokus pada keterlibatan dan gangguan pada reseptor tersebut.
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