Diagnosis dan Terapi Terkini Multiple Myeloma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.68Kata Kunci:
diagnosis, terapi terkini, bortezomib, ASCT, multiple myelomaAbstrak
Multiple myeloma (MM) merupakan keganasan sel plasma yang ditandai oleh proliferasi klonal sel plasma ganas di sumsum tulang dengan protein monoklonal dalam serum dan/atau urine, serta disfungsi organ terkait disertai dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas substansial, berupa end-organ damage: gangguan ginjal, hiperkalsemia, lesi tulang litik, dan anemia. Dengan perkembangan terapi yang lebih baik, MM telah berubah dari penyakit yang tidak dapat diobati ke salah satu penyakit yang masih belum dapat disembuhkan, namun highly treatable dengan kebanyakan pasien dapat berobat rawat jalan. Kelangsungan hidup pada MM telah meningkat secara signifikan dalam 15 tahun terakhir. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya terapi terkini seperti bortezomib, thalidomide, dan lenalidomide. Dalam dekade terakhir, carfilzomib, pomalidomide, panobinostat, ixazomib, elotuzumab, daratumumab, isatuximab, dan selinexor juga telah disetujui oleh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) untuk pengobatan MM yang mengalami kekambuhan. Selain itu, adanya terapi autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) dapat meningkatkan median overall survival (OS) pasien MM sekitar 12 bulan dan sudah dapat dilakukan di Indonesia, khususnya di Surabaya (FK Unair- RSUD Dr. Soetomo-RS Unair).
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