Strategi Penatalaksaan Rinitis Alergi untuk Mengoptimalkan Kualitas Hidup Pasien

Penulis

  • Teti Madiadipoera Departemen Ilmu KesehatanTelinga Hidung Tenggorok-Bedah Kepala Leher, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran/RSU Hasan Sadikin, Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.60

Kata Kunci:

rinitis alergi, farmakoterapi

Abstrak

Rinitis alergi merupakan kondisi inflamasi pada mukosa hidung yang terjadi setelah paparan alergen dan diperantarai oleh immunoglobulin E (IgE). Rinitis alergi tidak hanya ditemukan oleh para spesialis THT, namun juga banyak ditemukan oleh dokter umum. Gejala umum dari rinitis alergi antara lain hidung tersumbat, rinore, hidung gatal, dan/atau bersin. Adanya dua atau lebih gejala nasal selama lebih dari satu jam per hari dapat digolongkan sebagai suspek rinitis alergi. Diagnosis rinitis alergi dapat dilakukan berdasarkan anamnesis riwayat alergi, penilaian derajat keparahan penyakit menggunakan visual analog scale (VAS) sesuai dengan ARIA guidelines, endoskopi nasal, dan skin prick test (SPT). Tata laksana rinitis alergi terjadi dari menghindari paparan alergen, edukasi pasien, penggunaan irigasi nasal dan beberapa golongan agen farmakologi seperti antihistamine, cromolyn, decongestant, intranasal corticosteroid, allergen-specific immunotherapy, dan reduksi konka. Antihistamine oral merupakan agen farmakologis pilihan yang berperan penting dalam pengobatan rinitis alergi pada semua derajat keparahan. Beberapa waktu terakhir telah tersedia antihistamine generasi kedua yang dilaporkan menunjukkan efektivitas dan keamanan pada pengobatan rinitis alergi, yaitu levocetirizine (efektivitas tinggi), rupatadine (dual antihistamine dengan efek anti-PAF), dan desloratadine (profil keamanan sangat baik). Studi-studi terbaru juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antagonis reseptor leukotriene seperti montelukast terbukti efektif menurunkan gejala nasal keseluruhan termasuk hidung tersumbat.

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Diterbitkan

01-08-2021

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Cara Mengutip

[1]
Strategi Penatalaksaan Rinitis Alergi untuk Mengoptimalkan Kualitas Hidup Pasien. MEDICINUS 2021;34:3-10. https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.60.